The analysis conducted, unlike many in the literature reviewed, studies young people at the local microвЂ“level, while taking into account the city and the impact of local institutions in the neighborhood. We attempt to describe how is that influence and which are the mechanisms at work. Such research analyzes what aspects of the four neighborhoods have a critical influence on the personal and social development, as well as the careers, of young people between 16 and 24 living in them. This paper is part of a larger investigation, which corresponds to the doctoral thesis. In addition, recent works ( Musterd, Murie & Kesteloot, 2006, Kennett & Forrest, 2006) recall that the neighborhood is a traditional unit of social integration, and argue that it can also be a favored mechanism for the development of strategies to fight against social exclusion, and new forms of solidarity, integration and social cohesion ( Forrest & Kearns, 2001, Bridge, 2006), especially in a rescaling context of the State and its welfare policies.Д¬onsidering the contributions of the different perspectives of neighborhood effects analysis, and focusing on the main gaps evidenced by recent literature ( Musterd et al., 2006, Arbaci & Rae, 2013, Slater, 2013, Sharkey & Faber, 2014): вЂ“a)to focus the analysis exclusively in territorial variables revolving around the neighborhood ignoring extraвЂ“local mechanisms (welfare state, social or housing policies) b) not showing an unanimous opinion with regard to which are the main neighborhood effect mechanisms at work вЂ“the questions that this theoretical paper addresses are two: first, to present a systematic and critical review of different authors about the neighborhood effect and the StateвЂ™s role in the life paths of young people and second, to introduce reflections, contributions and nuances that have emerged from an empirical work, with the intention of advancing the conceptual reflection of phenomena such as neighborhood effect and processes of youth social exclusion on the outskirts of the city 2. And recently, authors like Sampson (2012) and Goering (2013) reaffirm the current relevance of the neighborhood as a social mechanism, which influences significantly the configuration of both individual and collective perceptions and behaviors within and outside the neighborhood, and as a result it defines the social structure of the city. Later, in the midвЂ“ 90s, other studies appeared ( Jencks & Mayer, 1990, BrooksвЂ“Gunn, Duncan, Kato & Sealand, 1993, SaravГ, 2004) that presented an analysis of neighborhood effects focused on issues such as child development, the academic outcomes and juvenile behavior. Other studies that have analyzed the communities from the perspective of social networks ( Granovetter, 1973, Putnam, 1993a, 1993b, 2000) have focused on the influence of territory in the configuration of social capital and on its impact in the access to certain social spatial ( Bourdieu, 1999, Foster, Pitner, Freedman, Bell & Shaw 2015) this concept refers to social networks, specific contacts, information and opportunities. These analysis show that living in a specific neighborhood has important effects on accessibility issues, proximity of services and their quality, which has not only significant economic costs but also time and mentality costs). Keywords: Urban youth вЂ“вЂ“) analyzes the neighborhood in terms of economic impact and its connection with structural processes and higher urban and administrative frameworks. They are not created by neighbourhood itself, but they are the result of extraвЂ“territorial The methodology chosen is the comparative case studyДЄmong four working class neighborhoods in the periphery of Barcelona and Milan.ДЇinally, main conclusions are: previous researches about neighbourhood effect haveДЄscribed other elements to the neighbourhood leading to social exclusion, even when Of phenomena such as neighborhood effect and processes of youth social exclusion Young people and introduces reflections, contributions and nuances that have emergedДЇrom an empirical work, with the intention of advancing the conceptual reflection A theoretical paper, which presents a systematic and critical review of differentДЄuthors about the neighborhood effect and the StateвЂ™s role in the life paths of

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